RFID ndi chiyani?

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) ndi njira yolumikizirana opanda zingwe yomwe imaphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa ma electromagnetic kapena electrostatic coupling mu gawo la mawayilesi a electromagnetic spectrum kuzindikiritsa mwapadera chinthu, nyama, kapena munthu.RFID imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. , zokhala ndi ntchito monga ma microchips anyama, zida zamagalimoto zama microchip zothana ndi kuba, njira zolowera, kuyang'anira malo oimikapo magalimoto, makina opanga makina, ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu.

Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Dongosolo la RFID limapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo zitatu zazikuluzikulu: ma tag apakompyuta, tinyanga ndi owerenga.

Ma tag apakompyuta: omwe amadziwikanso kuti transponders, omwe ali mu chinthu chodziwika, ndi chonyamulira deta mu dongosolo la RFID, kusunga chidziwitso chapadera cha chinthucho.

Mlongoti: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma siginecha a wailesi, kulumikiza owerenga ndi tag, kuzindikira kufalikira kwa data popanda zingwe.

Wowerenga: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito powerenga zomwe zili pa tag ndikuzitumiza kudongosolo lokonzekera deta kuti lipitirire.

 

Njira yogwirira ntchito yaukadaulo wa RFID imakhala motere:

Chizindikiritso ndondomeko: Pamene chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi chimalowa m'gulu la owerenga, wowerenga amatumiza chizindikiro cha wailesi kuti atsegule chizindikiro chamagetsi.

Kutumiza kwa data: Chizindikiro chamagetsi chikalandira chizindikirocho, chimatumiza zomwe zasungidwa kwa owerenga kudzera mu mlongoti.

Kusintha kwa data: Owerenga akalandira deta, amazipanga kudzera mu pulogalamu yapakati, ndipo pamapeto pake amatumiza zomwe zasinthidwa ku kompyuta kapena njira ina yosinthira deta.

 

Ndi mitundu yanji ya machitidwe a RFID?

Ukadaulo wa RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) utha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo, makamaka kuphatikiza magetsi, ma frequency ogwirira ntchito, njira yolumikizirana ndi mtundu wa tag chip. ndi

Kugawika kwa magetsi:

Active system: Mtundu uwu wamagetsi umakhala ndi mphamvu zomangidwira ndipo ukhoza kudziwika patali. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kuwerenga mtunda wautali.

Passive system: Kudalira mafunde amagetsi opangidwa ndi owerenga kuti apeze mphamvu, ndiyoyenera kuzindikirika mtunda waufupi ndipo ili ndi mtengo wotsika.

Semi-active system: Kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a machitidwe omwe akugwira ntchito komanso osagwira ntchito, ma tag ena amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zomangidwira kuti awonjezere moyo wogwira ntchito kapena kukulitsa mphamvu yazizindikiro.

Kugawika ndi pafupipafupi ntchito:

Dongosolo la Low frequency (LF): Kugwira ntchito mu band yotsika, yoyenera kuzindikirika pafupi, mtengo wotsika, woyenera kutsata nyama, ndi zina zambiri.

High frequency (HF) system: Kugwira ntchito mu band yapamwamba kwambiri, yoyenera kuzindikiritsa mtunda wapakati, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamakina owongolera.

Dongosolo la Ultra-high frequency (UHF): Kugwira ntchito mu band yapamwamba kwambiri, yoyenera kuzindikiritsa mtunda wautali, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyang'anira zinthu ndi kasamalidwe kazinthu.

Makina a Microwave (uW): Imagwira ntchito mu band ya microwave, yoyenera kuzindikiritsa mtunda wautali, womwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito potolera misonkho, ndi zina zambiri.

Kugawa ndi njira yolumikizirana:

Dongosolo la Half-duplex: Magulu onse olankhulana amatha kutumiza ndikulandila ma siginecha mosinthana, oyenera mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito okhala ndi ma data ang'onoang'ono.

Dongosolo la Full-duplex: Magulu onse olankhulana amatha kutumiza ndi kulandira ma siginecha nthawi imodzi, oyenera mawonekedwe ofunsira omwe amafunikira kutumizirana mwachangu kwa data.

Gulu ndi tag chip:

Kuwerenga-yekha (R/O) tag: Zomwe zasungidwa zitha kuwerengedwa kokha, osalembedwa.

Werengani-write (R/W) tag: Zambiri zitha kuwerengedwa ndi kulembedwa, zoyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.

Chizindikiro cha WORM (kulemba nthawi imodzi): Zambiri sizingasinthidwe zitalembedwa, zoyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna chitetezo chachikulu.

Mwachidule, kugawika kwaukadaulo wa RFID kumakhazikitsidwa pamiyezo ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana, kuphimba miyeso ingapo kuchokera ku njira zamagetsi mpaka njira zoyankhulirana kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito.

RFID Mapulogalamu ndi milandu

RFID idayamba ku 1940s; komabe, idagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'ma 1970. Kwa nthawi yayitali, kukwera mtengo kwa ma tag ndi owerenga kuletsa kufalikira kwa malonda. Pamene mtengo wa hardware watsika, kutengera kwa RFID kwawonjezekanso.

Zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazantchito za RFID ndi izi:

 

Kasamalidwe ka nkhokwe

Kasamalidwe ka malo osungira katundu ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo wa RFID. Ma tag apakompyuta a RFID amatha kuthana bwino ndi vuto la kasamalidwe ka zidziwitso zonyamula katundu posungira, kulola mabizinesi kumvetsetsa komwe kuli komanso kusungirako katundu munthawi yeniyeni. Tekinoloje iyi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera bwino ntchito yosungiramo zinthu komanso kutsogolera kapangidwe kake. Zimphona zazikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi monga Walmart ndi Metro yaku Germany atengera ukadaulo wa RFID kuti akwaniritse chizindikiritso cha zinthu, anti-kuba, kufufuza zinthu zenizeni komanso kuwongolera kutha kwa zinthu, potero kumathandizira kwambiri ulalo wazinthu.

Anti-chinyengo ndi traceability

Anti-chinyengo ndi traceability ndi ntchito zofunika RFID luso m'madera ambiri. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi tag yapadera yamagetsi ya RFID, yomwe imalemba zidziwitso zonse za chinthucho kuchokera kwa wopanga gwero kupita kumalo ogulitsa. Chidziwitsochi chikafufuzidwa, mbiri yambiri yazinthu imapangidwa. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwambiri poletsa kupeka kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga ndudu, mowa, ndi mankhwala, komanso kuletsa kugulitsa matikiti. Kudzera muukadaulo wa RFID, zowona za malonda zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndipo gwero lake litha kutsatiridwa, kupatsa ogula ndi mabizinesi kukhala ndi chidaliro chachikulu komanso kuwonekera.

Chisamaliro chanzeru

Mu chisamaliro chamankhwala chanzeru, ukadaulo wa RFID umapereka njira zosungiramo zidziwitso zolondola komanso zolondola komanso zowunikira pakuwunika zamankhwala. Mu dipatimenti yodzidzimutsa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa odwala, njira yolembetsera yachikale yolembera ndi yosagwira ntchito komanso yolakwika. Kuti izi zitheke, wodwala aliyense amapatsidwa tag ya RFID wristband, ndipo ogwira ntchito zachipatala amangofunika kufufuza kuti apeze chidziwitso cha odwala mwamsanga, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yadzidzidzi ikuchitika mwadongosolo komanso kupewa ngozi zachipatala zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kulowetsamo zolakwika. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa RFID umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuzindikiritsa ndi kutsata zida zamankhwala ndi mankhwala, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe kazachipatala ndi chitetezo.

Kuwongolera ndi kupezeka

Kuwongolera ndi kupezeka ndi ntchito zofunika kwambiri zaukadaulo wa RFID pakuwongolera ogwira ntchito. Makhadi owongolera mwayi wofikira ndi makina akhadi limodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'masukulu, mabizinesi ndi malo ena, ndipo ntchito zingapo monga kutsimikizira kuti ndi ndani, kulipira ndi kasamalidwe ka chitetezo zimatheka kudzera pa khadi limodzi. Dongosololi sikuti limangopangitsa njira zolowera ndikutuluka komanso kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, komanso limapereka chitetezo chokwanira. Munthu akamavala mawailesi oyendera ma frequency khadi opakidwa kukula kwa ID khadi ndipo pali wowerenga pakhomo ndi potuluka, kudziwika kwa munthuyo kumadziwikiratu polowa ndi kutuluka, ndipo alamu imayambika chifukwa cholowa mosaloledwa. . M'malo omwe chitetezo chili chokwera, njira zina zozindikiritsira zitha kuphatikizidwanso, monga zidindo za zala, zikhandwe kapena mawonekedwe amaso omwe amasungidwa m'makhadi a frequency a wailesi.

Kasamalidwe kazinthu kosasintha

Kasamalidwe kazinthu zokhazikika ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yaukadaulo wa RFID pankhani yoyang'anira katundu. Oyang'anira katundu amatha kuwerengera katundu mosavuta pomamatira kapena kukonza ma tag apakompyuta a RFID pa katundu. Kuonjezera apo, pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la RFID lokhazikika la kasamalidwe ka chuma, olamulira amatha kuyang'anira katundu wokhazikika mofanana, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa zikumbutso zokhudzana ndi kuwunika kokonzekera ndi kuchotsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dongosololi limathandiziranso kuvomereza kugulidwa kwa katundu ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu, kumapangitsa kuti kasamalidwe kasamalidwe kake kakhale kolondola komanso kolondola.

Smart library management

Smart library management ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa RFID m'munda wa library. Poika ma tag a RFID m'mabuku, malaibulale amatha kubwereketsa mabuku, kubweza, kasamalidwe ka zinthu ndi kasamalidwe koletsa kuba. Njirayi sikuti imangopeŵa kutopa kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja ndikuwongolera kasamalidwe koyenera, komanso imalola owerenga kumaliza kubwereka mabuku ndikubweza kudzera m'machitidwe osavuta, kuwongolera kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa RFID ungathenso kulandira zidziwitso zamabuku mosavuta, kotero kuti palibe chifukwa chosuntha mabuku posankha mabuku, potero kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa zolakwika zantchito.

Smart retail management

Kasamalidwe ka malonda a Smart ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa RFID pamakampani ogulitsa. Pophatikizira ma tag a RFID ku katundu, malonda ogulitsa amatha kukwaniritsa kasamalidwe kabwino komanso kuyang'anira katundu, potero kumapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azitha bwino komanso luso lamakasitomala. Mwachitsanzo, masitolo ogulitsa zovala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma tag a RFID kuti athandizire makasitomala kulipira pasadakhale, kupewa kuwononga ntchito ndi ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, masitolo amathanso kuyang'anira malonda mu nthawi yeniyeni, kuyendetsa bwino ntchito yofufuza ndikusintha kutengera zomwe zagulitsidwa, ndikuzindikira ziwerengero zanthawi yeniyeni yogulitsa katundu, kubwezeretsanso ndi ntchito zotsutsana ndi kuba.

Electronic article surveillance system

Electronic article Surveillance System (EAS) imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pofuna kuteteza kuti katundu asabedwe. Dongosololi makamaka limadalira ukadaulo wa radio frequency identification (RFID). Makhadi afupipafupi a wailesi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 1-bit memory memory, ndiko kuti, zigawo ziwiri zoyatsa kapena kuzimitsa. Khadi la ma frequency a wayilesi ikayatsidwa ndikuyandikira scanner yotuluka m'sitolo, makinawo amazindikira ndikuyambitsa alamu. Pofuna kupewa ma alarm abodza, katunduyo akagulidwa, wogulitsa adzagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kapena maginito kuti aletse khadi la frequency ya wailesi kapena kuwononga mawonekedwe ake amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali matekinoloje ambiri a machitidwe a EAS, kuphatikiza ma microwave, maginito, maginito acoustic ndi ma frequency radio.

Kutsata ziweto ndi ziweto

Kutsata ziweto ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paukadaulo wa RFID. Eni ziweto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma tag a RFID kutsata ziweto zawo kuti zitsimikizire kuti sizitayika kapena kubedwa. Ma tagwa amatha kulumikizidwa ku makolala a ziweto kapena zida zina kuti eni ake azitha kudziwa komwe kuli ziweto nthawi iliyonse kudzera mwa wowerenga RFID.

Kuyenda mwanzeru

Ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana pamayendedwe anzeru. Imatha kuzindikira kutsimikizika ndi kutsata magalimoto, potero kuwongolera chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito amsewu. Mwachitsanzo, kudzera mukulankhulana kwakanthawi kochepa pakati pa tagi yamagetsi yapabodi yomwe imayikidwa pagalasi lagalimoto lagalimoto ndi mlongoti wa mawayilesi a pa siteshoni yolipirira, galimotoyo imatha kulipira ndalama zonse popanda kuyima podutsa msewu ndi siteshoni ya mlatho. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa RFID utha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta, makhadi amabasi, chizindikiritso choyimitsira magalimoto, kulipiritsa, kasamalidwe ka taxi, kasamalidwe ka malo amabasi, chizindikiritso cha njanji, kuyendetsa ndege, chizindikiritso cha matikiti okwera komanso kutsatira katundu.

Zagalimoto

Ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi ntchito zambiri m'munda wamagalimoto, kuphatikiza kupanga, kudana ndi kuba, kuyikika ndi makiyi agalimoto. Popanga, ukadaulo wa RFID ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsata ndikuwongolera magawo agalimoto ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Pankhani yotsutsana ndi kuba, teknoloji ya RFID imaphatikizidwa mu fungulo la galimoto, ndipo chinsinsi chachinsinsi chimatsimikiziridwa ndi wowerenga / wolemba kuti atsimikizire kuti injini ya galimoto idzangoyamba pamene chizindikiro china chilandiridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, RFID itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito poyika magalimoto ndikutsata kuwongolera kulondola komanso kuchita bwino pamakonzedwe agalimoto. Ntchitozi sizimangowonjezera chitetezo komanso kusavuta kwa magalimoto, komanso zimalimbikitsa luso komanso chitukuko chamakampani opanga magalimoto.

Utsogoleri wankhondo/chitetezo

Kuwongolera usilikali / chitetezo ndi gawo lofunikira laukadaulo wa RFID. M'malo ankhondo, ukadaulo wa RFID umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ndikutsata zida ndi antchito osiyanasiyana, monga zida, mfuti, zida, ogwira ntchito ndi magalimoto. Ukadaulo uwu umapereka njira yolondola, yofulumira, yotetezeka komanso yosinthika yoyang'anira zankhondo / chitetezo, kuwonetsetsa kutsata kwanthawi yeniyeni kwamankhwala ofunikira ankhondo, mfuti, zida kapena magalimoto ankhondo.

Logistics ndi Supply Chain Management

Ukadaulo wa RFID umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera zinthu komanso kasamalidwe kazinthu. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma tag a RFID kapena tchipisi pamayendedwe ndi malo osungiramo zinthu kuti ikwaniritse zinthu zenizeni zenizeni, kuphatikiza zidziwitso monga malo, kuchuluka ndi mawonekedwe, potero kukhathamiritsa njira zoyendetsera ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito amanja. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa RFID ungathenso kuwerengera zowerengera ndi kasamalidwe kagawidwe, kupititsa patsogolo luso komanso kuwonekera. Tekinoloje iyi sikuti imangowonjezera kuwongolera bwino komanso kulondola kwa kasamalidwe kazinthu, komanso imachepetsa ndalama ndi zolakwika.

Kasamalidwe kazinthu zobwereketsa

Ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana pankhani yoyang'anira zinthu zobwereketsa. Ma tag amagetsi akaphatikizidwa muzinthu zobwereketsa, zidziwitso zazinthu zitha kulandiridwa mosavuta, kotero kuti palibe chifukwa chosuntha zinthu zakuthupi posankha kapena kuwerengera zinthu, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa zolakwika za anthu. Ukadaulowu sikuti umangofewetsa kasamalidwe ka zinthu, komanso umathandizira kutsata ndikuzindikiritsa zinthu, kupereka yankho lodalirika komanso lothandiza pabizinesi yobwereketsa.

Kasamalidwe ka phukusi la ndege

Kuwongolera phukusi la ndege ndi gawo lofunikira laukadaulo wa RFID. Makampani oyendetsa ndege padziko lonse lapansi amapereka ndalama zokwana $2.5 biliyoni chaka chilichonse pa katundu wotayika komanso wochedwa. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, ndege zambiri zatengera mawayilesi ozindikiritsa ma radio frequency identification system (RFID) kuti alimbikitse kutsata, kugawa ndi kufalitsa katundu, potero kuwongolera chitetezo ndikupewa kuchitika kolakwika. Ma tag apakompyuta a RFID atha kuphatikizika ndi ma tag akatundu omwe alipo, makina osindikiza olowera ndi zida zosankhira katundu kuti azisanthula okha katundu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti okwera ndi katundu wosungidwa afika komwe akupita bwino komanso munthawi yake.

Kupanga

Ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi ntchito zambiri pantchito yopanga. Choyamba, imatha kukwaniritsa kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ya deta yopanga kuti iwonetsetse kuwonekera ndi kuwongolera kwa ntchito yopanga. Kachiwiri, ukadaulo wa RFID utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakutsata bwino kuti zitsimikizire kuti mtundu wazinthu umatha kulamuliridwa panthawi yonse yopanga kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira mpaka zomaliza. Pomaliza, kudzera muukadaulo wa RFID, njira zopangira zokha zitha kutheka, zomwe sizimangowonjezera luso la kupanga, komanso zimachepetsa kwambiri kuthekera kwa zolakwika za anthu. Izi zimapangitsa ukadaulo wa RFID kukhala ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri pantchito yopanga.